Stop Financial Exploitation and Pay College Athletes

College athletes are financially exploited by the NCAA and universities by not being properly rewarded for their services. In the area of college athletics, exploitation should be defined as, â€Å"an individual gaining something by taking an unfair advantage of another individual† (Miller). Exploitation in college athletics is especially problematic because student-athletes are not being justly compensated for their services to their school nor are they receiving a true education. Players are compensated for playing with much less than what they are worth because of strict NCAA rules that are in place to protect athletes â€Å"from exploitation by professional and commercial enterprises† (NCAA). The NCAA protects it’s athletes through its core value of amateurism, which refers to the fact the athletes, â€Å"do not receive remuneration for their athletic services† (Miller). The organization is hiding behind their claim of player amateurism to escape the d emand for player payment. Although it is a non-profit organization, the NCAA, â€Å"has evolved into a multi-billion dollar industry where many of the schools’ annual revenues reach above $260 million† (Miller). Universities and athletic departments, â€Å"have gained huge gate receipts, television revenues, national visibility, donors to university programs, and more as a result of the performances of gifted basketball and football players† (Rheenen). When there is a surplus, none of it goes to increasing scholarships, it is used to pay forShow MoreRelatedCollegiate Athletes Should be Paid?1547 Words   |  7 Pagesthe debate between whether collegiate athletes should be paid while playing has been contemplated. Now, the focus has moved from all sports to two specific areas, football and men’s basketball. Sprouting from many court cases filed against the NCAA to some ugly sandals dealing with the athletes themselves. In the 2010 – 2011 time frame , this controversy really sparked up chatter; eventually leading the current pled for sport reformation. Our student athletes are the ones who are at the expense hereRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagessweat, and tears college athletes shed day in and day out on the field, court, and track without any compensation for their hard work; even with the fact that college sports brings in a lot of revenue for universities. Also these athletes are not only athletes but students meaning they have to keep a certain grade point average to play. 1 College athletes deserve to be paid since they bring in the most money for universities, their hard work and having to balance being a student-athlete. Close PanelRead MoreShould The National Ncaa Be Paid?1581 Words   |  7 PagesIs it fair for an organization to make $912 million in revenue and not pay the employees that bring in all that money? This only sounds right if the organization being discussed is a circus and the employees not being paid were the performing animals. The National NCAA is a fully commercialized multi-billion dollar industry that regulates players to the point of exploitation. Every staff member from the NCAA, universities athletic staff, and the event staff are paid from the television revenue, ticketRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1275 Words   |  6 PagesCollege athletics have amounted to enormous popularity among Americans over the past few decades. This has resulted into increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the participating colleges, which has started the debate of whether college athletes should be rewarded beyond their athletic scholarships. Thi s paper will attempt to answer the question as to whether college athletes should be paid by explaining some pros and cons of this subject. Athletes form theRead MoreEssay on College Athlete: It ´s Time To Pay Them1722 Words   |  7 PagesPaying Them is The Answer In college sports athletes perform on the big stage in front of thousands of people every week and receive no money for their performances. These athletes receive no money for their performance because it is made illegal by the NCAA for any student athlete to receive any type of reward for their performance. In the last five years there has been a heated debate on whether the NCCA should start paying college athletes. People responded to this situation with mixed viewsRead MoreThe Need for Change: Is the N.C.C.A. Exploiting the Talents of Student Athletes?2240 Words   |  9 Pagesprogram and the athlete as an integral part of the student body, [and to] retain a clear line of demarcation between intercollegiate athletics and professional sports.(Harvard Law Review) Currently the NCAA has $613 million dollars in assets, and over $830 million dollars in income (Brown). This is a direct result of the talented athletes whom participate in a variety of sports for the NCAA. This researc h will argue that the NCAA is exploiting the talents of these student athletes. By looking atRead MoreCollege Athletes Should be Compensated Essay2128 Words   |  9 PagesToday there is much controversy over the subject of compensating college athletes. Some believe that providing a payment would further complicate the issue, but others say that it would end all of the problems. College athletes should receive some form of compensation for participation in collegiate sports due to the hardships they endure, a failure of scholarships to cover all expenses , the exploitation of college athletes by the colleges and universities they play for, a disparity between coaches’Read MoreCollegiate Sports And Collegiate Athletes1794 Words   |  8 Pagesof playing a sport in college and eventually as a professional, but the number of them that succeed in just reaching the college stage is staggeringly miniscule. The table below reflects the probability of competing in athletics beyond high school, both college and professionally, based on estimated data. It shows how little of an opportunity student athletes have to make it into collegiate sports and collegiate athletes to make it into the professional arena. Student-Athletes Men s Basketball WomenRead MoreCollegiate Sports : Should Players Get Paid?3146 Words   |  13 Pagesthey should be considered professionals. Others say it would help the students be able to support themselves while they are in college. They are getting a free education from a top university isn’t that enough? No and that’s why I say yes and that collegiate athletes should get paid to play sports because money is being made from the use of their talents and exploitation of their likeness. There is a lot of money being made by the NCAA and schools that have major programs in any sporting event. ThereRead MoreIntercollegiate Athletics3026 Words   |  13 Pages Intercollegiate athletics is an excellent public relations and fund raising arm for colleges, while providing education and training to future professional athletes. Academic programs have always criticized college athletic programs. There are five main reasons or accusations as many will call it. First it is said that all major and some smaller colleges routinely lower the admission standards for athletes because of the exposure that they bring to the university. The Ivy League, for example

President Johnson s Vision Of Creating A Great Society

Abstract Programs to stimulate growth of minority-owned businesses have existed in the United States since the late 1960s. President Johnson’s vision of creating a â€Å"Great Society† led to a host of endeavors that sought to change the political, social and economic landscape of the U.S. In his 1965 commencement address to graduates of Howard University, LBJ gave voice to his vision, declaring, â€Å"We seek not just freedom but opportunity. We seek not just legal equity but human ability, not just equality as a right and a theory but equality as a fact and equality as a result.† There has been Executive Orders issued by the President of the United States throughout history to carry out and to promote minority-owned businesses: Keywords:†¦show more content†¦For the first time, EO 11246 charged the Secretary of Labor, a Cabinet–level official with strong enforcement authority, with the responsibility of ensuring equal opportunity for minorities in federal contractors’ recruitment, hiring, training and other employment practices. Until that time, such efforts had been in the hands of various Presidential committees. EO 11246 continued and reinforced the requirement that federal contractors not discriminate in employment and take affirmative action to ensure equal opportunity based on race, color, religion, and national origin. Signed by President Johnson that early autumn Friday 50 years ago, EO 11246 became a key landmark in a series of federal actions aimed at ending racial, religious and ethnic discrimination, an effort that dated back to the anxious days before the U.S. was thrust into World War II. Today, Executive Order 11246, as amended and further strengthened over the years, remains a major safeguard, protecting the rights of workers employed by federal contractors—approximately one–fifth of the entire U.S. labor force—to remain free from discrimination on the basis of their race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or national origin†¦and opening the doors of opportunity through its

Sample on Audit Risk In Respect To The Company Of Mathra Tool

Question: Describe about the Assessment of Audit Risk in respect to the company of Mathra Tool Inc.? Answer: Introduction Auditing is the procedure of checking of all the accounts book and transactions whether it is stated in Financial Statement properly or not (Gramling, Rittenberg and Johnstone, 2010). It is the procedure of judging financial statements shown (Balance Sheet and Profit Loss Account) with all the records of account and financial transaction whether it is correct or false. Auditor risk refers to the risk that is identified by an auditor regarding financial statement. A wrong opinion regarding the financial statement is expressed by the Auditor. Audit risk consists of three risk such as Inherent risk, control risk and detection risk (Cosserat and Rodda, 2009). Inherent risk arises due to error depending on such factors despite from the inefficiency of controls. Inherent risk will more where the business involves judgment and estimation with high degree or involves complex transaction. Control risk arises due to inefficiency in the operational activities from the side of business entity. Detection risk refers to the risk which is raised by the error or fraud in material misstatement in respect to financial statement (Leung, 2011). The preliminary measurement of control risk is the procedure of appraising the usefulness of an organizations accounting and in-house control system by preventing or detecting and improving the material misstatements (Moeller and Brink, 2009). Mathra Tools Incorporation is a machinery tools producing company. It is reputed company in producing high quality of machine parts and it has grown into a $10 million-a-year business. The owner of the MTI is George Mathra. Thomas Smith appointed as auditor in charge in this company has identified several issues regarding the operation of the business. This auditing plan includes the assessment of internal control risk and the judgment for detection risk. It also contains the description regarding the substantive procedures that could be conducted for the WIP inventory. Assessment of Internal Control Risk Preliminary assessment of risk measures and prevents the system of accounting and the internal controlling system of an organization regarding material misstatements (Pickett, 2010). The risk cannot be mitigated fully because there are certain inherent limitation in the system of accounting and controlling. The assessment of control risk is required when the in-house control systems of the organization are not useful and the accounting systems of the organization are not efficient (Pickett and Pickett, 2011). There are several techniques which can be used to document the information regarding the systems of accounting and internal control (Hargie and Tourish, 2009). A particular technique is selected for the judgment by the auditors. The techniques can be used by alone or together. The examples of techniques are narrative description, questionnaires, checklist and flowcharts (Reding, 2009). The outline and length of the documentation depend on the size and complexity of the business and kind of applied system in respect to accounting and internal control (Pickett, 2011). Tests of control are executed to find out the audit evidence regarding the usefulness to evaluate whether the business designed the systems correctly to prevent material misstatement and the effectiveness of internal operational activities over the period (Shim, 2011). There are several things are included in test of control. These are as follows: 1. Test of control involves checking of documents related with transaction and other activities to obtain the audit evidence that business has operated the internal control correctly or not (Louwers, 2011). Such as, it is verified that whether transaction is authorized or not.2. It involves enquiry and observations regarding the internal controls which leave no audit trial such as finding out who really performs the all functions rather than who is supposed to perform.Lastly, it includes the re-performance of internal control such as reconciliation of bank statement to see whether it was actually performed by the business correctly. Business should adopt effective internal controls in the operation for preventing and detecting the occurrence of error and fraud (Beasley, 2009). The fraud can be suspected under following situations: If any paper is missing regarding financial transaction such as cheques, vouchers, invoices, etc.If subsidiary books does not match with control account. If there is huge difference in trial balance and it is very difficult to match the balance. If variation of Gross Profit Ratio and Net Profit Ratio are high.If there is mismatch between the balances according to the company and the verification of the balance by the parties.If the stock according to the companys record is not same with the stock physically counted. If the client does not able to provide any satisfactory information.If the some accounting figures have found overwriting There are several steps through which errors can be detected. These are as follows:1. Checking the balance of opening with the closing balance of last year.2. Checking all the posting made in ledger accounts.3. Checking the total balance of subsidiary books.4. Verifying each and every carry forward.5. Making confirm whether all ledger accounts are included or not.6. Checking the total list of debtor and creditors match with the ledger accounts or not.7. Comparing the different items of trial balance with the items of previous year.8. Checking any differences including round figures such as $10000 is written as $1000.9. Checking any misplacement of amounting figures such as 91 is written as 19.10.Identifying any entry is leaved unposted from the actual books. Duties need to perform by auditor are as follows:1. Check up all the entire activity of financial operation.2. Confirm all the receipts from the counterfoils or carbon copies or cash memos, sales report.Confirm the register of salary and wages.1. Verify the techniques used in stock valuation.2. Examine the all registers, notes and challans related with inventory, inwards and outwards of goods and delivery, etc.3. Compute different ratios which are required to identify the fraudulent activities and errors.Examine the details the items which are not used.Investigate the area where the problem is suspected.Perform the audit process by applying sound skill and with care.Do surprise visit in the organization to examine the accounts activities.There is found several faults and errors in in-house control system of MTI though the company is using computerize system for the production of machinery tools. The equipment and machine are operated through computer.The control risks relating to bus iness operation of MTI are as follows:1. The company has no licensed antivirus to protect the computerize system and there is no system expert.2. There is no proper maintenance of networking system and it is maintained by only an owner of computer shop which located far from the office. So, there is no such expert to maintain the networking system all time. Only Mr. Lee is responsible for maintaining equipment, upgrading software and maintaining user security profiles on the network.The staffs of the organization do not maintain the system related with user password. Two staffs use common password for making entry data of accounting transaction.1. The backup is taken every end of the in tape cartridge. There are seven tape cartridges for taking for taking full set of backups for a week. But the cartridges are not kept safely and systematically.2. There is no any protection used between office system and home system of the senior personnel. Home system can be used like as office syst em fully.3. There is only one accounting staff that is responsible for all accounting activities. There is no other staff who can deal with accounts payable and cash disbursements. Judgment for Detection risk Detection arises due to applying of wrong procedures in auditing by the auditors to evaluate and find out the material misstatements in all activities of financial aspect (Taylor and Osborne, 2013). The total audit risk is the combination of control risk, inherent risk and detection risk. After assessing of control risk and inherent risk, the detection risk is assigned to solve and reduce the total audit risk. It is never possible to eliminate the detection risk fully because it is difficult to check each and every financial transaction completely (Beasley, 2009). But, the objective of audit is to reduce the detection risk as much as possible. There are some elements of detection risk which are described below: Using of wrong procedure in audit The use of wrong procedure can increase the detection risk (Weirich, Churyk and Pearson, 2012). Such as, certain ratios are used to analyze the financial statement. But, the selection of ratio is very important. If the auditor choose wrong ratio (has no link with the objective of audit) in assessing the misstatement in financial activities, it can increase the detection risk. Wrong interpretation of audit results After auditing with correct procedure, if wrong interpretation is made from the results, it can increase the audit risk. Such as, it may be interpreted that the accounts payable is shown correctly but it is found a material misstatement in actual. Selecting of wrong testing technique Detection risk can be reduced by using of specific testing techniques for detecting the errors in financial transaction (Millichamp and Taylor, 2012). Such as, to confirm a particular sale occurred, it is not required to check the invoice whether is mathematically correct. During the checking of accounts payable, it is seen that accounts payables are actually paid or not by making test the invoices. It may be the correct audit procedure for asserting the accounts payable which can helps to interpret the decision of no material misstatements in respect to accounts payable. Sometimes, it is observed that there is involvement of several persons in maintaining financial transaction. Suppose an employee make process the payment and another employee does update the suppliers file by marking the invoice as paid. Then the auditor may fail to test the separate duties of two employees. As a result, misinterpretation can be found and it can increase the detection risk. Substantive Procedures for the WIP inventory Substantive procedures have an important role in audit planning. The substantive procedures of WIP inventory are as follows: 1. The first procedure includes the observation of physical inventory of the company through using separate inventory observation program.2. It is to be verified that the inventory held for another parties are not added in total inventory figure at the end of the year.Whether the inventory held at another party location is added in inventory listing at the end of the year, it is to be confirmed.It is to be obtained and agreed whether the listing of inventory is matched with general ledger or not.The valuation methods are used by the owner which needs to discuss. Valuation may be regarding any change in machinery product, change in process of production system, accounting system applied, techniques applied to gather cost of inventory, etc.Clerical accuracy is needed to check from the summary of physical inventory of the company.Next process is to review of physical inventory listing and identification of each and every item related with raw-materials, WIP and finished good. Documentat ion is to be made from the selected items.After reviewing of WIP, the costs are required to test. The nature of cost accounting system is to be determined such as system of job order and the process of cost system, checking of the quantities of raw material used and checking of labour charge used in production process, testing of overhead rate, etc. In case of WIP, it is required to test the pricing by calculating overall percentage complete in manufacturing process. It is need to evaluate the method used by the company for calculating the inventory.1. It is to be checked whether the standard techniques are used to calculate the cost and find out the sales price.2. It is to be determined what methods are used for inventory valuation especially when the actual cost exceeds the sales price.3. It is to be examined whether finished goods required to written down after sold at the end of the year.After calculation of ratios, it should compare with the previous year or with the industry w hether there is any difference. (such as gross profit margin)All the accounting figures such as raw material, inventory turnover and finished goods are required to compare with the last year or with the industry.It is needed to evaluate the days of inventory with the past year or with industry standard.Whether the standard cost of present year is different from the previous year, it is needed to compare taking into consideration of present conditions.It is to be checked the listing of inventory to make sure that it has been appropriately classified from raw-materials to finished goods or not. Conclusion In the conclusion it can be said that control risk and detection risk should be reduced to reduce the total audit risk and the total audit risk cannot be removed due to existence of inherent risk. Audit planning is made to identify or detect the problems regarding of those risk and it is planned to perform the audit efficiently and timely. Audit plan is conducted at the time of beginning of audit process to develop the entire approach of audit focusing to the important areas. It can be said that audit plan is certain guideline which is to be followed in audit process. References Beasley, M. (2009). Auditing cases. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Cosserat, G. and Rodda, N. (2009). Modern auditing. Chichester, UK: John Wiley Sons. Dauber, N. (2009). The complete guide to auditing standards, and other professional standards for accountants, 2009. Somerset, N.J.: Wiley. Gramling, A., Rittenberg, L. and Johnstone, K. (2010). Auditing. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Hargie, O. and Tourish, D. (2009). Auditing organizational communication. London: New York. Leung, D. (2011). Inside accounting. Burlington, Vt.: Gower. Louwers, T. (2011). Auditing assurance services. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Millichamp, A. and Taylor, J. (2012). Auditing. Andover, Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA. Moeller, R. and Brink, V. (2009). Brink's modern internal auditing. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Pickett, K. (2010). The internal auditing handbook. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: John Wiley. Pickett, K. (2011). The essential guide to internal auditing. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley. Pickett, K. and Pickett, K. (2011). The essential guide to internal auditing. Chichester: Wiley. Reding, K. (2009). Internal auditing. Altomonte Springs, Fla.: Institute of Internal Auditors, Research Foundation. Shim, J. (2011). Internal control and fraud detection. Cranbrook: Global Professional. Taylor, J. and Osborne, J. (2013). Auditing. Worcester: Osborne Books Limited. Weirich, T., Churyk, N. and Pearson, T. (2012). Accounting auditing research and databases. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

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Research questions The aim of this study is to find out whether offering on-job training leads to increased productivity of casual workers within the University. Essentially, the study will explore the impact of offering on-job training on casual workers’ performances within the learning institution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on On-job training specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, the intention of this study is to examine empirically the impacts of on-job training on the performance of casual employees within the University. Though the literature point out the importance of the relationship between the on-job training and employees’ performances, empirical studies have not been conducted to ascertain the premise on casual workers. The study is distinct and original since the study focuses on the casual employees. In addition, the effects of on-job training on the casual employees†™ performances will be tested empirically to determine the validity of the variables. Further, the study is undertaken to add more knowledge on the literature that have been written in this subject area. The study will be looking into two variables, the impact of on-job training as an independent variable and the casual employees performances measured in terms of job outcome as the dependent variable The study will tend to answer the following questions Is on-job training among the university casual workers lead to increased productivity? What are the effects of on-job training on the casual workers’ job outcomes? University casual workers lag behind when it comes to the improvements of skills through on-job training. In fact, on-job training is considered among the best methods through which workers improve their skills, which translated into improved productivity. Among the college employees, casual laborers are given little attention. In most instances, programs that e nable improvement of their skills are limited. Currently, some of the departmental managers have realized the relevance of on-job training plans to casual employees, but they are yet to experience the benefits of adopting such strategies fully.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, most of the departmental managers are still looking at such programmes as a short-term strategy. Conversely, the university is yet to emphasise on the on-job training programme for casual workers as a major human resources management component that could lead to long-terms benefits. Both the casual employees as well as the organisations do not understand the relevance of attaining the required skills through on-job training strategies. As such, only a fraction of them is tapping its full potential. A need for increased performance on the casual workers necessitates more research into the a rea. Furthermore, there is need to motivate the casual employees towards their job performances. Therefore, understand relationship between on-job training and the productivity of casual employees will be critical in enhancing the general performance of the organisation. In essence, the study will determine whether offering on-job training programmes leads to increased productivity among the casual workers. Whether the premise is true or otherwise remains a matter of approval. Therefore, there is need for studies to examine the impact of offering on-job training on casual workers’ performances. The study will be undertaken according to the plan outline in the proposed time schedule. Thinking ahead In order to attain the required outcome, careful planning in terms of resources needs to be undertaken. The plan forecasts various activities depending on allocated time (Trochim and Dodley 67). Planning is critical in ensuring that activities are completed within the schedule. In a ddition, coming up with the plan is significant in identifying the required resources necessary for the completion of the study.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on On-job training specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study procedures are divided into various activities that are allocated certain duration in which they are supposed to be completed. The study is divided into four main parts including preparation, data collection and analysis as well as writing the research paper. However, the consultations with the supervisor are integrated within the stages. In other words, appropriate consultation with the supervisor will be undertaken before the final activities are undertaken in every stage. In preparation, sequential activities begin with the consultation of the supervisor to provide guidelines on selecting the research topic, designing the study, creating the study questionnaire as well as acquiring the study l iterature (Bhattacherjee 23). All preparation activities are apportioned approximately six weeks. In data collection, the prelude to the data acquisition, distribution of questionnaires, conducting interviews, data collection and literature review should take eleven weeks distributed as shown in the table below. Data collection is followed by data analysis. In fact, data analysis activities include the introduction to data analysis and conducting the actual data analysis. In the prelude of data analysis, the information is composed in various categories to ease the analysis process. During the analysis, the obtained data are simplified and interpreted to be understood easily by the stakeholders (Trochim and Dodley 67). The writing of the research paper and the final presentation follows data analysis. In writing the final research paper, all the activities are put down according to the required format. In addition, the final research paper specifies all the activities that have been undertaken. The final paper is then presented to the stakeholders. All the activities require resources as well as time as indicated in the table.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proposed Time Schedule Activity Number (WKS) Set up date Ending date Status Selecting a research topic 1 Presenting the research topic to the supervisor 1 Writing the introduction 1 Designing the study questionnaire 2 Presenting questionnaire to the supervisor 1 Acquiring the study literature 3 Research literature review 5 Writing the research proposal 3 Designing the research 3 Presenting research proposal to the supervisor 1 Conducting interviews 2 Research data collection 2 The prelude of data analysis 1 Concluding data analysis 3 Writing the research paper 3 Final presentation and submission of the research paper 2 Total proposed research time in weeks 34 weeks Locating the literature Literature review is one of the critical areas that provide qualitative information on the study topic. Literature review is often conducted on articles that are related to the study topic. However, in this p articular study the literature review will be conducted on articles related to the impact of employees’ training on the success of the organisation Punia and Saharan studies indicated that training of employees is critical in enhancing workers’ understanding, capabilities, efficiency as well as effectiveness in the operations of the organisation 242. The results of their study also indicated that training is an important aspect of employees’ personal development since it offers increased benefits in terms of proficiency and performance. However, conventional paradigms utilised in evaluating the models only focused on the effects of general employees’ training without concentrating on the impact of on-job training on improved employees outcome (Punia and Saharan 245). Generally, efficient on-job training of employees is significant in enhancing overall performance and success of an organisation. In principle, firms must appraise the consequences and procee ds from employee training. Actually, employee training can allow an organisation to categorise sectors that require enhancement of personnel development. Essentially, the exploitation of performance evaluation systems that identify weaknesses and strengths of different employees is critical in organisational success. Punia and Saharan study was too general and broad. Truitt’s study postulates that current business executive should undertake the design and appraisal of employee training and development to reduce the disputes affecting employee performance 447. In addition, Truitts findings indicated that there is a direct connection between on-job training and job proficiency 447. Further, the need of high performance employees in organisations has initiated training for personnel. The study revealed that training of employees is invaluable in assessing the employees’ inputs as well as enabling the personnel to come up with objectives and goals that augment the success of an organisation. Actually, the adoption of competency-based training techniques enhances employees’ proficiencies, capabilities as well as knowledge. The study indicated that the exploitation of apprenticeship, coaching, job shadowing and organisational learning techniques are capable of increasing the success of firms (Truitt 448). In other words, well-made training systems enhance employees’ capabilities and skills needed to ensure the competitiveness of an organisation. However, Truitt’s study lacked credibility in terms of methodology applied. Another study conducted by Hassan in the same area contends that organisations invest on training employees to achieved increased performance and success 540. In fact, according to Hassan, training is critical in enhancing employees’ job output 540. Actually, the exploitation of change-driven training models is significant in increasing the performance of personnel thereby augmenting the general output of the firms (Hassan 541). Organisations should invest funds in employee development in training employees to augment general firm performance. Additionally, with increased expertise and competition in businesses, training and development of employees is significant. Hassan’s study is comprehensive since the current data is used to draw conclusion. In addition, the study encompasses most of the organisations and the sample was large enough to come up with reliable conclusion and recommendations. Moreover, the author used reliable and current secondary sources of data to draw conclusions. However, there was lack of consistency in the results due to the large set of data involved in the analysis. Qualitative and quantitative research methods Advantages and disadvantages of using questionnaires One of the advantages of using questionnaires is that the research tools are the easiest to administer compared to other methods of data collection including interviews and observations. In add ition, questionnaires are less costly particularly where large quantities of data are required. In the case where the respondent considers information required confidential, questionnaires prove to be the most appropriate particularly the self-administered or postal/email questionnaires. In other words, the respondents can easily provide information that cannot be revealed face-to-face. In addition, under the circumstances where anonymity of the information is required, the respondents have to be assured of the confidentiality. Besides, questionnaires can be used to remove the possible effects of bias that can easily be found in interviews where the presence of the interviewer influences the responses being provided. The major disadvantage of questionnaires is that respondents can misunderstand ambiguous questions particularly in the absence of the interviewer. However, misinterpretations of ambiguous questions are unlikely particularly with questionnaires delivered face-to-face. Un der the situations of closed questionnaires, respondents are confined to the listed questions. The interviewers have no opportunity to probe the respondents for additional information particularly in an area considered by the researcher as of greater interest. In addition, in self-administered questionnaires, the researcher is not sure whether the targeted respondents have completed the questionnaires. In other words, there is increased possibility of outside influence on responses provided in self-administered questionnaires. Besides, the answers provided do not normally reflect the feelings of the respondents. In most cases, the respondents provide answers depending on the current circumstances or the response that would please the researcher. Further, the response rate in self-administered questionnaires whether postal or email can be extremely low. Advantages and disadvantages of interviews One of the major advantage interviews have is its adaptability and flexibility in gaining information. The flexibility is particularly attained in unstructured interviews where the interviewer is not restricted by stern schedules or list of questions. In the case of semi-structured interviews, there is increased degree of flexibility and maintenance of the structure, which forms a critical basis for comparison at the analysis stage. Semi-structured or unstructured interviews also allow the interviewer to probe for further information particularly in areas the researcher find interesting for the study. In such situations, the interviewer is not entirely restricted to specific answers from the respondents as observed in questionnaires. In other words, the interviewer can use observations to deduce whether further information is needed depending on the reaction of the respondents. Besides, the interviewer has the capability of clarifying some of the complexities that may arise on the spot. The ability to make clarifications reduces the probability of getting inaccurate res ponses due to misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the questions. Moreover, the researcher knows the respondents and the chances of influencing the information are reduced. However, in the case of structured interviews, there is lack of flexibility due to limited choices concerning the manner in which the questions are formatted. In addition, due to the formal nature of the interviews, the chance of developing a rapport with the interviewee is reduced. In other words, the researchers have less chance of probing for further information. Besides, in the semi-structured and structured interviews, the information gained is normally difficult to categorise and code. In other words, the information from interviews is not susceptible to coding and comparability. The approach In this study, mixed approaches will be used. In other words, both qualitative and quantitative research methods will be applied. However, more emphasis will be given to quantitative approach. The reason is that qu antitative research approach provides more reliable and valid results compared to the qualitative method (Richey and Klein 247). The pursuit of this study is to obtain more reliable and valid results. Results can be said to be reliable and valid only in the circumstances that objectivity is observed. Quantitative approach is the most objective method through which reliable and valid results can be obtained (Richey and Klein 247). In other words, quantitative approach attains the required objective results through the application of scientific inquiry. The scientific inquiry mentioned means that the quantitative research method focuses on the use of measurements, classification, coding and production of information, which can be tested through scientific means. In other words, the data is analysed, interpreted and presented statistically. Moreover, the methods of collecting data are normally formalised. Besides, the approach is the most reliable method through which scientific enquir y can be conducted. Most of the researches that have been conducted to add knowledge on an issue have always been construed to be scientific in nature. In other words, there is less room for criticism as the results have been proven through scientific means. In this case, the aim is to ensure that the results can be achieved in the circumstances that similar studies are conducted given similar conditions. However, qualitative analysis is also taken into consideration. The main method of attaining qualitative data is through interviews. In fact, the qualitative approach is used to add more knowledge or to give background information on the concerned area of the study. Given the fact that qualitative approach is normally associated with subjectivity does not necessarily mean that qualitative data provided is not reliable and valid. Essentially, qualitative approach lacked a method through which reliability and validity can be measured. In fact, the background information received thro ugh interviews is tested and analysed through quantitative means. Mixed approach is critical particularly in studies that tend to add knowledge in academic spheres. In other words, existing knowledge should constantly be tested through scientific means in order to ensure its reliability and validity. Essentially, for this research to meet its obligations, it is designed to be both qualitative and quantitative study. The reason for the choice of the mixed approach is due to increased possibility of using innovating and novel ideas required in understanding variables involved in the study. Moreover, through mixed approach, the research will come up with new and clear concepts explaining the dynamics and processes involved in the relationships existing between the variables. Further, the research also explores how such relationships affect the outcomes. Moreover, the mixed research approach will set up main concerns, build on operational explanations and improve on the final study desi gn. Samples Sampling procedure is the process of identifying the respondents that will actually participate in the study. Essentially, samples used in the study should be representative of the population to be studied. Besides, the sample size and nature should be considered in relation to the resources available and the research method applied in the study. Moreover, the sample size should be reflective of the population and realistic to the study (Richey and Klein 247). However, in this study, where survey questionnaires and interviews will be applied to collect data, large sample size will not be effective considering time and costs. Therefore small sample size, which is representative of the population, will be the most appropriate. In the study where the impact of on-job training on University casual employees’ performances is considered, all casual employees within the University are deemed viable when carrying out the research. As indicated, the selected sample should represent the whole population of casual workers within the university. However, the population target, which constitutes the sample, will be selected depending on the level of on-job training and performance. From the total number of casual employees present in the university, just ten casual workers will be selected via a technique dubbed as simple random sampling strategy. The proposed sample size will comprise of five women and five men. The choice of the sample is suitable for the purpose of the study. In addition, since the study will majorly be based on survey and interviews, small sample size will be the most effective. All the chosen sample of employees will undertake the in-depth interviews while the survey questionnaire will be distributed. Regardless of the fact that the chosen sample size of eighty employees materialise to be exceptionally small given the type of research study to be carried out, the constraints such as the available financial resources and the planned timeframe makes it completely necessary to confine the study selected sample to the precisely specified size (Spector 225). Random sampling procedure is applied to minimise the bias in the sample selection process. Besides, simple random sampling process is the most effective given the type of study to be undertaken since the procedure ensures a sample that is representative of the population. In terms of accessibility, permission of various respondents will be sought before the proposed study is conducted. Moreover, consent of relevant authorities will be sought before administering the questionnaire to the respondents. Ethical consideration Like any research study, ethical issues are likely to emerge. Thus, ethical consideration is critical. The ethical issues that are likely to arise include the informed consent of the participants, the power differences between the researcher and the participants, the confidentiality of the information as well as the consent of the authorities ( Penslar 345). In other words, all researches raise ethical issues ranging from the informed consent of the participants to confidentiality of the information being provided. Madge argues that ethics in any research is critical in instilling discipline on how the respondents are treated 654. Essentially, ethical consideration in any social research considers how respondents as well as other stakeholders are treated while the study is being undertaken. Looking into ways through which these ethical issues can be dealt with is critical for the success of the study. One of the issues is the informed consent of the study participants. In this case, informed consent will involve treating the respondents with due respect. In this study, the participants will be approached through the application of a common language in order to make the information clear. In addition, the respondents will be provided with full information concerning the nature of the study and the amount of time they are re quired to participate. Besides, the participants will be informed on the methods used and the way the study will be of critical importance (Penslar 345). Moreover, the participants will be informed of any potential risks, whether economical or psychological, associated with taking part in this study. The mentioned issues will be provided to the respondents before the consent of the participants is sought. Further, all the requirements will be completed as a requisite by the research supervisor as well as the department. In addition, all the participants will be provided with information concerning their freedom of participation using the stated standards. A letter of introduction specifying and explaining the aims of the study and the standard methods will also be provided. Moreover, information sheet guiding and describing the study will also be provided. The participants will also be made aware that they can remove their participation without any consequence. Lastly, the participa nts will be provided with letter of consent. Since this study will be conducted within the learning institution, the consent of the concerned authorities will be sought. In fact, before the commencement of the study, the institutional authorities will be provided with information regarding the research. In other words, an approval will be sought from the responsible authority particularly the institution’s top management and safeguards will be put in place during and after the research study to help protect the respondents and any other human subjects. Confidentiality is another issue that is likely to emerge. In this study, confidentiality will involve securing information provided by the respondents (Madge 655). For instance, during the storage of data the responses from the questionnaires will be properly stored to avoid any ensuing alteration. In addition, the identities of the respondents will be secured particularly where the information provided is deemed sensitive and can jeopardize the status and position of the respondents. Besides, a letter will be offered to the respondents in order to provide an assurance of the confidentiality of their information. Honesty will greatly be considered in this study particularly on the part of the participants. Before the study is undertaken, the permission and the ability of the participants will be sought. In addition, to ensure that the participants uphold honesty while participating in the research, the institution’s management permission will be sought and the unwilling participants will be exempted from the study (Penslar 345). In fact, the participants’ information will not be disclosed to guarantee confidentiality and to preserve their anonymity. The information acquired from the study participants will be securely stored and protected whereas study-finding reports will not divulge the participants’ identification. Besides, power difference between the researcher and the responden ts is another ethical issue that is likely to emerge. Power difference emerges under the circumstances where the roles of the respondents and the researcher are not clear. However, in this study, the respondents will be informed of their roles as well as the responsibilities of the interviewer. The information is provided in order to reduce any issue that may arise due to the power differences between the researcher and the respondent. In fact, both physical and emotional harm that may accrue will be given due consideration in this section by stating the basic ethical approach along with the power differentials between the researcher and the respondents as well as how the participants will be protected from any eminent abuses. Informed consent will similarly be sought. Finally, the information acquired from the study participants will be securely stored and protected whereas study-finding reports will not divulge the participants’ identification. Generally, given that this re search is essential, a formal request authorisation will be sought from the institution’s management where the survey will be conducted. The researcher will take all the responsibilities encountered during the research process to ensure the integrity, dignity and well-being of the involved study subjects (Penslar 345). To make certain the completion of the research tasks within the required period, the researcher shall recognise and effectively balance any subjectivity by providing precise research accounts and abiding by the law to develop the indispensable expertise. Considerations and observance will thus be given to a variety of ethical issues as well as guidelines namely the participants informed consents, power and confidentiality. Further, in this study, the respondents will be granted a holistic indulgent into the study through seeking for every research participant’s permission to ensure abidance by their respective informed consent. In addition, a request for the participants understanding to be involved in the research will also be made clear. For instance, time factor, the significance of the topic researched on, activities to be undertaken, and any risk to be encountered will be revealed to the research respondents or participants. The participants will be free in making independent decisions of whether to take part or not to be involved in the research and this implies that the researcher have indefinite voluntary participation in the study. Further, the researcher will ensure that the participants are aware of the research details and nature and their respective rights to pull out from the study any moment. Techniques The study will apply both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Quantitative technique normally draws data from surveys while qualitative technique will draw data from in-depth interviews and observations made (Richey and Klein 247). Essentially, surveys and interviews will form the major techniques of data collect ion. The reason for the choice of the mixed approach in this study is that limitations of each approach are compensated. Qualitative data collection techniques One major weakness of qualitative research that this study will greatly consider is the possible subjectivity on the results obtained (Bhattacherjee 212). In other words, based on the validity of the data to be collected, qualitative studies are associated with subjectivity (Bhattacherjee 212). In this study, the qualitative data will primarily be obtained through in-depth interviews and observation made during the interviews. In other words, in order to present significant research findings, appropriate conclusions, and credible recommendations, the proposed investigative study will use interviews as a method of collecting qualitative data. In fact, the intentions of the interview are to administer the interview questions to the study participants through the application of various procedures by choosing respondent initially incorporated in the study population. Interview schedules that would be approved to help gather information will equally be used to establish the relationship existing between on-job training and the casual workers performance. The interviews will focus on how on-job training has increased the performance of employees. In order to identify the level of performance, interviews will examine the differences in performance of employees before and after receiving the training, areas that the casual employees need to be trained on in order to increase their performances, the employees’ turnover after and before receiving the formal on-job training as well as the motives of acquiring the on-job training. Even though some of the areas may be broad, interviews will narrow on areas that relate to performance and interrogate other related factors. The advantage with the interviewing method of primary data collection is that various observations such as the interviewees’ reaction s and feelings can be made at the same time. In addition, the interviewer can modify the question depending on the situation to get the required answer. The direct response is critical in establishing the effects of on-job training on casual employees’ performance as one of the main human resources practices currently undertaken by the organisations to help attain the desired outcome. However, interview process may hinder the provision of the information the respondents consider secret. Moreover, the respondents may twist information depending on what the interviewer require. Quantitative data collection technique Quantitative technique is the process where the empirical procedures are applied to study the proposed topic. In other words, empirical procedures are applied in the data collection, analysis and presentation of the results. The major advantage of qualitative techniques is that the results are based on scientific procedures (Trochim and Dodley 23). Moreover, objecti vity of the results is highly attained. In this study, the quantitative data will majorly be obtained through a survey. In other words, the proposed study will primarily utilise the survey method of gathering information through the administration of a well-structured questionnaire. Moreover, the requisite research data will be gathered across the study population consisting majorly of the university casual employees. The data from the survey is aimed at assisting in devising sound and rational study conclusions amid offering feasible recommendations for the research being conducted. The survey will focus on the general information concerning the proposed topic. As indicated, the survey will constitute the administration ofsoundly designed research questionnaire to the study participants constituting. Each part of the questionnaire will constitute key items that suitably attend to the research questions. For instance, part one will constitute whether the casual employees have receiv ed the on-job training and whether the skills acquired contributed to improved performances. Other parts will generate insights amidst offering recommendations geared towards encouraging the institution to offer on-job training to the employees as well as how such endevour is critical in augmenting success of the organisation. Moreover, some items in the survey questionnaire will interrogate other related variables that may influence the relationship between on-job training and the improved casual employees’ performances. The advantage with the quantitative data collection techniques such as survey is that there are possibilities for improvements on the type of information to be collected. In other words, the survey questionnaire contains variety of questions targeting the required information. In addition, more related information on the study area can be obtained. The major problem with the survey as a technique of obtaining quantitative data is that it is time consuming an d costly. In other words, the survey method of data collection normally takes time requiring researchers to increase the costs. Data analysis In order to ensure logical completeness as well as response consistency, the researcher will edit the acquired data each day to be able to identify the ensuing data gaps or any mistakes that needs instant rectification. When data editing is completed, the collected research information will definitely be analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. For example, any data that will been collected through in-depth interviews and observations on the respondents behavior will be analysed by means of content analysis along with the logical analysis techniques (Spector 222). Furthermore, from the acquired independent variables values such the number of on-job training and the study dependent variable which is the casual employees’ performance measured in terms of total output or general productivity, regression analysis will be applied to establ ish the correlation that exist between employees training and organisation’s success. To obtain the best correlation approximation values, the study quantitative data analysis will be carried out by utilizing the integrated Microsoft office statistical tools. Further quantitative data analysis techniques including percentages, frequency distribution and deviations will be used to determine the research respondents’ proportions that chose various responses. The method will be applied for each group of items available in the questionnaire that ideally corresponds to the formulated research question and objectives (Spector 222). Line graphs, tables as well as statistical bar charts will be used to make sure that quantitative data analysis is simply comprehensible. Works Cited Bhattacherjee, Anol. Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices. USF Tampa Bay: Open Access Textbooks Collection, 2012. Print. Hassan, Shahidul. â€Å"Does Fair Treatment in the Wor kplace Matter? An Assessment of Organizational Fairness and Employee Outcomes in Government.† The American Review of Public Administration, 43.5 (2013): 539-557. Print. Madge, Clare.† Developing a geographers’ agenda for online research ethics.† Progress in Human Geography, 31.5 (2007): 654–674. Print. Patton, Michael. Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 2002. Print. Penslar, Robin. Research Ethics: Cases and Materials. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004. Print. Punia, Broke and Teena Saharan. â€Å"Management Approach and Conditions of Training: A Relative Study of Service and Manufacturing Industries.† The Journal of Business Perspective, 15.3 (2011): 239-250. Print. Richey, Rita and James Klein. Design and development research: methods, strategies, and issues. London: Routledge, 2008. Print. Spector, Paul. â€Å"Method variance in organizational research.† Organizational Research Methods, 9.3 (2006), 221-232. Print. Trochim, William and James Dodley. The Research Methods Knowledge Base. Cincinnati, OH: Atomic Dog Publishing, 2008. Print. Truitt, Debra. â€Å"The Effect of Training and Development on Employee Attitude as it Relates to Training and Work Proficiency.† The Journal of Business Perspective, 1.3 (2011): 445-453. Print. Appendix List of Journal articles to be used Avey, James B., Tara S. Wernsing and Fred Luthans. â€Å"Can Positive Employees Help Positive Organizational Change? Impact of Psychological Capital and Emotions on Relevant Attitudes and Behaviors.† The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 44.1 (2008): 48-70. Bennett, Joel B., Wayne E. K. Lehman and Jamie K. Forst. â€Å"Change, Transfer Climate, and Customer Orientation: A Contextual Model and Analysis of Change-Driven Training.† Group Organization Management, 24.2 (2009): 188-216. Curtis, Ellen Foster and Janice L. Dreachslin. â€Å"Integrative Literature Review: Diversity M anagement Interventions and Organizational Performance: A Synthesis of Current Literature.† Human Resource Development Review, 7.1 (2008): 107-134. Hatala, John-Paul and James C. Gumm. â€Å"Managing Organizational Cultural Influences During the Implementation of Competency-Based Training.† Advances in Developing Human Resources, 8.2 (2006): 229-246. Holton, Elwood F., Mary Leah Coco, Janis L. Lowe and Jacqueline V. Dutsch. â€Å"Blended Delivery Strategies for Competency-Based Training.† Advances in Developing Human Resources, 8.2 (2006): 210-228. Kim, Hyun Jeong, Pimtong Tavitiyaman and Woo Gon Kim. â€Å"The Effect of Management Commitment to Service on Employee Service Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction.† Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 33.3 (2009): 369-390. Owens, Patrick L. â€Å"One More Reason Not to Cut Your Training Budget: The Relationship between Training and Organizational Outcomes.† Public Personnel Management, 35.2 (2006): 163-172. Rodrà ­guez, Claudia Mariana and Susan Gregory. â€Å"Qualitative Study of Transfer of Training of Student Employees in a Service Industry.† Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 29.1 (2005): 42-66. Sia, Surendra Kumar, Gopa Bhardwaj and Bharat Chandra Sahoo. â€Å"Does Nature of Training, Informal Activities and Psychological Contract Impact Fairness Perception? Examining Diverse Group Employees† The Journal of Business Perspective, 17.2 (2013): 129-142. Song, Zibin and Prakash K. Chathoth. â€Å"An Interactional Approach to Organizations’ Success in Socializing Their Intern Newcomers: The Role of General Self-Efficacy and Organizational Socialization Inventory.† Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 34.3 (2010): 364-387. https://journals.sagepub.com/search/advanced This essay on On-job training was written and submitted by user Lillianna Suarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

PERFECT ESSAYS

PERFECT ESSAYS Every essay or another college or university writing assignment starts with basic choice of a writing topic. If you are being give a specific topic then you have to prepare all the necessary materials and present them in your written assignment. If you are in a position where you have to choose the topic personally for your perfect essays, then you should spend some time and do some research in order to choose the best topic to describe in your essay. So, in case the topic has not been assigned to your assignment, you face unlimited number of topic choices. How would you make a selection? What topic is mostly beneficial to write about? As you brain thinks over a variety of topic, you will find yourself going around a huge number of ideas that will all look attractive to you. Yet, you have to calm your mind and to use unprecedented logic. If you are still stuck in the topic choice, you can determine or see what is the main purpose or goal of your writing assignment. That will help you to form a list of related topics. Shortlist them going down to 3 major topics interesting for yourself. And start the writing process.

What Is a High School Equivalency Diploma How to Get Yours

What Is a High School Equivalency Diploma How to Get Yours SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you dropped out of high school or are considering dropping out, there are other ways to earn credentials that are considered equal to a high school diploma. A High School Equivalency Diploma (HSED) is one option that you might consider as an alternative to a GED or traditional high school diploma. I'll give you the details on what a High School Equivalency Diploma is, how you can get one, and how to decide if it's the right choice for your situation. What Is a High School Equivalency Diploma? An HSED is considered equivalent to a regular high school diploma, but you can earn it at a later date after dropping out of high school. Most professional jobs require at least a high school diploma, so it will almost certainly benefit your career if you go through an HSED program. Employers, colleges, and certain branches of the military may prefer the HSED over the GED because the HSED's requirements are more extensive. This relates to one potential downside of the HSED: you will most likely have to take more classes or tests (as compared to the GED) to get it. If you’ve earned Social Studies and Health credits in the past; however, it may be very simple to get these requirements out of the way. Why Would You Want to Get Your High School Equivalency Diploma? The HSED is a good option for students who haven't had the chance to earn a traditional high school diploma. It's accepted by most employers and colleges as a substitute for a high school diploma, so it will give you more opportunities in your career and education. The difference between an HSED and a GED is not hugely significant, but there are cases where the HSED is preferred. Though both credentials are technically the same, a GED only indicates that you've passed a test, whereas an HSED indicates that you've passed a test and completed some other coursework. The HSED is also technically equivalent to a regular high school diploma, but in practice, most employers and colleges prefer the traditional diploma. If you still have the opportunity to go back and complete your course of study in high school (in most states you can do this if you're under 20), I would recommend that you do so instead of earning an HSED or GED. A regular high school diploma is more highly respected because it indicates that you were able to persevere through long-term assignments as opposed to just being able to pass a test and complete a few additional requirements. Still, if going back to high school isn't an option for you, an HSED is the next best thing. Thanks, creepy 1950s-style children! What Are the Requirements for a High School Equivalency Diploma? In certain states, you will need to take the HiSET or High School Equivalency Test to show that you have mastered the skills necessary to earn your diploma. The test is comprised of five smaller subtests that range from 65 minutes to 2 hours in length: Language Arts-Reading (40 multiple-choice questions) Language Arts-Writing (50 multiple-choice questions and an essay) Mathematics (50 multiple-choice questions) Science (50 multiple-choice questions) Social Studies (50 multiple-choice questions) The HiSET is offered in English and Spanish, and accommodations are available for test-takers with disabilities upon request. States offering the HiSET include California, Iowa, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Tennessee, and Wyoming. In states where the HiSET is not offered, you will need to take the General Educational Development (GED) test as one of the requirements for earning your HSED. This test has four subjects: Reasoning Through Language Arts, Mathematical Reasoning, Science, and Social Studies. There is one essay question in the Reading Through Language Arts section and one in the Social Studies section, along with two short answer questions in the Science section. The rest of the questions are multiple choice. The content of the test was recently updated in 2014 to incorporate more textual analysis and specific mathematical and writing skills. You can read more about the changes here. Both the HiSET and the GED tests are taken on the computer rather than as pencil and paper exams. An HSED is different from a GED certificate because it has a couple of extra requirements. To earn an HSED, you will need to fulfill requirements in the subjects of health, civic literacy, and employability skills in addition to taking a core subject exam like the HiSET or GED test. The requirements for health and civics can be satisfied by passing two untimed exams, by showing that you’ve earned 0.5 Health credits and 3 Social Studies credits in the past, or by passing a 30-hour course in each subject. If you can provide proof of credits in the form of a high school transcript, you won’t need to take the extra tests or classes. For the employability skills requirement, you will have to create a resume and participate in a course that will help you come up with a career plan. Different states have varying eligibility requirements for students hoping to earn a High School Equivalency Diploma. You must be at least 16 to take either the GED or the HiSET; in some states, the minimum age is 17. You also can’t be currently enrolled in high school and must meet your state’s requirements for the amount of time you’ve been out of school. In California, for example, if you’re only 17 and you want to take the HiSET, you must have been out of high school for at least 60 consecutive days and provide a letter of request from the military, a postsecondary institution, or a potential employer. Consult this page for state-by-state HiSET eligibility requirements and this page for links to state GED test eligibility requirements. If you learned about these dudes at some point in high school, you might be able to get out of the Social Studies requirement. Should You Try to Get Your HSED? There are a couple of things you should consider before deciding to get your HSED: Can You Still Go Back to High School? First of all, are you young enough that going back to high school is an option? Different states have different policies, but typically if you're under the age of 20, you can still re-enroll in high school. Overall, it's better to get a regular high school diploma than an HSED or a GED. If it's at all possible for you to return to high school, you should seriously consider doing so. What Are Your Career and Educational Goals? The purpose of earning an HSED is to increase your potential in the job world and possibly attend college. In almost any career field, it's vital or at least beneficial to have a high school diploma. If you hope to go to college, it's essential. Still, before you earn an HSED, you should start investigating what you want to do or where you want to go to college. You may need to consider other requirements, and you might decide to wait a bit before starting an HSED program, depending on your current financial situation and the steps you need to take to fulfill your goals. If you have career goals that don't require a high school diploma for entry-level positions, you could decide to get some work experience under your belt first and earn an HSED at a later date. In some cases, you might want to break ground in the job world before going after your HSED. How Can You Find an HSED Program? Will It Cost Money? HSED tests and courses can be found at many community colleges and adult education centers all over the country. For the HiSET, you can schedule a testing date through your online account or by calling ETS customer service at 1-855-MyHiSET (1-855-694-4738). Use this link to search for HiSET test centers near you. If your state is not on the list of states that offer the HiSET, you will be taking the GED test to fulfill HSED requirements instead. You can call 1-800-62-MYGED (800-626-9433) for a referral to prep programs and testing sites near you, along with a practice test and an informational brochure. Courses are free, although you will have to pay a fee to take the exams. The total cost is $145 for the GED test if you don’t have to retake any subtests. Retakes are $10 for each of the core subject tests and $5 for the health and civics tests. The HiSET is typically slightly less expensive, but fees vary by state. Again, check the page on eligibility requirements for more information about how much the HiSET costs in each state. Get in touch with your state’s contact person for the GED or with ETS Customer Service for the HiSET if you have any additional questions about the tests and courses that make up the program and where you can take them. The HiSET and the GED tests cost some money, but these stacks of ones would probably cover both of them. What's Next? Is the GED a better fit for your needs? Learn how to get your GED online here. We also have a collection of the best GED practice tests for you to use in your studying. You don't necessarily have to earn a stellar GPA in high school to get into college. Take a look at our list of the best colleges with low GPA requirements. If you're hoping to attend college but are unsure how to begin the search process, check out this step by step guide for doing college research. Students who earn an HSED or GED may choose to attend community college for a year or two and then transfer to a four-year college. Read our complete guide to transferring colleges to learn more about this process. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Obligations to Future Generations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Obligations to Future Generations - Essay Example This is not to suggest that the conveniences and luxury are evenly distributed around the globe or even within nations and communities. There is a vast difference between the wealth of nations in the developing world and that of a superpower such as the United States or the European Union. What is undeniable is that all of humanity have benefited directly or indirectly through improvements in transportation and technology. The advancements in technology are truly marvelous, but they are not without drawbacks. There is a real cost attached to every advancement made in transportation and technology over the past two centuries (Lash, Szerszynski and Wynne, 1996). Finite resources are often used for raw materials that construct the technology or provide fuel for the machine energy. The consumption of these finite resources raises several sets of related ethical questions. Economists and economic geographers often examine questions of consumption, distribution and utilization. These acade mics attempt to explain why some nations are poor while others are wealthy. The answer often has access and control over finite resources at its heart. While understanding and examining the ethical considerations of unequal distribution and utilization of finite natural resources is a valid topic, it is beyond the scope of this paper. Consumption by the current and prior generation and the implications for future generations is the concern for this paper. Ethical use of natural resources now can lead to a brighter future, full of opportunity, for the generations of the future. Unethical behavior may doom future generations to a less prosperous and comfortable existence than we currently enjoy. The ethical choices that need to be made should consider effects on generations to come instead of just immediate gains in productivity, convenience and technological advance. One example of how difficult it can be to act ethically when making decisions concerning environmental and industrial projects can be seen in the construction of the Aswan High Dam. The Nile River has experienced seasonal flooding for thousands of years. Monsoon induced rainy seasons at the headwaters result in flooding in Upper and Lower Egypt. In ancient times, these seasonal floods marked the seasons in Egypt. The floods were beneficial in that they provided a layer of fresh silt for farmers to utilize each year while providing much needed irrigation water in Egypt’s arid climate. There was no need for fertilizer because the soil never had the chance to be depleted of essential nutrients. The culture of the ancient Egyptians was closely tied to the flooding of the Nile. They were able to establish a civilization that brought us splendors such as the temple at Karnack and the Pyramids at Giza. In the 1950’s the Egyptian government determined that the seasonal flooding of the Nile was detrimental to Egypt’s quest for modernization. Many Egyptians were still farming small plots that were irrigated using simple machines and techniques that had not changed for millennia. The modernization of the state of Egypt required modern infrastructure and modern power. Plans were made to place a dam across the Nile River that would provide a vast amount of hydroelectricity for the Egyptian people and modern Egyptian industries. In addition to this, the natural flooding of the river would be replaced by an

Organizational Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organizational Diversity - Research Paper Example Eventually, they promote uniformity instead of diversity. The long - term achievement of any organization calls for a diverse group of talent that can convey fresh ideas, perceptions and views to their organization. The challenge that diversity postures, therefore, is enabling managers to exploit on the mixture of cultural backgrounds, ages, lifestyles and genders to react to business opportunities more promptly and creatively (Carter 6). Two main kinds of diversities can be noted in an organizational setting. They include surface level diversity and deep level diversity. The surface level diversities comprise of the differences which get easily noted such as age, race / ethnicity, disability, culture, language etc. They often get easy to measure, and managers and recruiters may fall in the wrong practice of discrimination on the basis of these factors. For instance thinking that age degrades performance, they may end up preferring younger recruits. Surface level diversity gets often impossible, if not difficult to change. For instance, racial disparity cannot be scaled down to zero (Carter 13). On the other hand, deep level diversity stands out as exceptionally hard to be noticed within an organization since they get communicated through verbal and non – verbal attributes. Examples include differences in attitude, personality, believe and values. Deep level diversity in an organization normally starts with identifying the underlying surface level diversities, and when individuals get to know one another they begin noticing the deep level individual differences hence tend to like or dislike. For instance, an individual belonging to a marginalized ethnic group may be handled differently by fellow comrades on the grounds that his / her differing language or culture. However, as the individual interacts more they get to discover his / her differing beliefs and values later on and seem to forget underlying surface level disparity (Carter 15). The

Artificial System Of Sand Is Also Called The Mechanism Sand Essay Example for Free

Artificial System Of Sand Is Also Called The Mechanism Sand Essay The Anatolian Peninsula, Also Called Asia Minor, Is Bounded By The Black Sea To The North, The Mediterranean Sea Anatolian peninsula, also called Asia Minor, is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west, and the Sea of Premium Literature Of Region 7 Buyser-Aquino -Our Pride translated by Juliet B. Samonte -Letter to Pedro, U.S. Citezen, Also Called Pete by Rene Estella Amper -The Clay Pipe by Marcel M Premium Genres Of Literature or something and is not about that particular person or thing. * Letter to Pedro, US Citizen, Also Called Pete by Rene Amper viii. Narrative Premium An Analysis Of Letter Of Credit Operation In Nepal is an import LC while for the advising bank it is an export LC payment by means of letter of credit involves action between two banks, one in the importers country Premium Debate Argumentation and Debate Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making TWELFTH EDITION AUSTIN J. FREELEY Late, John Carroll University DAVID L Premium It ( International Technology) to monitor all your monthly financial statements, and call the appropriate company or bank immediately to report issues. Also, review your credit report each year Premium Wwasfasf Business Driven Information Systems Paige Baltzan Daniels College of Business, University of Denver Amy Phillips Daniels College of Business, University of Premium Codendma Countries of the world Population gures are based on 2002 estimates. Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Premium English Novelists rich and famous. Pamela is written in a form of letters (epistolary novel) and it is also called Virtue Rewarded.Clarissa Harlow Premium Faizi invested, lent, or borrowed. 8the excess of a companys assets over its liabilities. 3 a capital letter. 2adj. 1 (of an offence or charge) liable to the death penalty Premium Environmental Converrastion summary particularly if you are sending your CV to recruitment agencies where a letter may become detached. You can also call this a career aim, profile or personal Premium Ptlls Assignments generation of: batch mailings using a form letter template and an address database (also called mail merging); indices of keywords and their page Premium The Concept Of Law recognition is more like a social practice than it is like a black letter rule of any sort. He also calls this fundamental rule. To follow and engage in the social Premium Random Spreadsheet Software data is organized in rows and columns, which collectively are called a worksheet. Database Software allows you to create and manage a database

My Participation In The Prince Of Wales Robotics Team :: essays research papers

My Participation in the Prince of Wales Robotics Team TOPIC 2. An experience or achievement that has had significant meaning in your life ( You may discuss an obstacle that you have overcome ) The intellectual achievement that I feel is my most prominent academic experience is participating, for the second consecutive year, in the Prince of Wales Robotics Team. This was an opportunity to gain valuble insights into designing and manufacturing electrical robots with fellow teammates and professional engineers. Firstly, in connection with my involvement in the Robotics Team, I was able to learn the systematic ways of applying textbook material to realistic problem solving. This was my greatest challenge. As a member of a core group, we were able to devise a functional remote-controlled robot designed to achieve a specific task under the constraints of time. As a consequence of team effort and ingenuity, we ranked first in our province of British Columbia at the 1996 National Championships. Another aspect of my participation with this high school club in problem solving was to acquire the neccessary funds in the construction materials, competition fees as well as for personal expenses required for traveling outside the province for competitions. Fund-raising was both stressful and difficult due to the fact that corporate sponsors had limited resources and could not finance to the extent that had been previously predicted. As time progressed, the situation worsened simply because the district school board received financial cuts due to the reduced provincial budget. The problem of convincing sponsors outside of the norm became a task in itself. With this type of experience, I am sure that I can organize a better fund-raising scheme as an active member in future groups. However, without any doubt to have a successful fund-raising campaign, promotion is definitely necessary. The main reason for this is that if the knowledge of about the team was other than "we need financial sponsors", then they could have been more comfortable and probably even willingful to donate larger sums of money simply because they "could see" and trust where the money was being spent. Hence, how to get people familiar about our Robotics Team became critical. For instance, during last year's promotion scheme, I performed the usual marketing mix with our team. Such a mix consisted of distributing invitations for a Robotics Cocktail Party, sending out business letters to target corporations and finallly, voicing the team's bulletin in the school announcements. I believe the promotion of the team was not intensified throughout the school year because it did not leave a lasting impression, or sufficient information about the Robotics Competition itself to potential

The Sexist Prejudices Affecting Women in the House on Mango Street

The Sexist Prejudices Affecting Women in The House on Mango Street In my essay I am going to write about the Mexican gender based prejudices and stereotypes which affect the women of Esperanza’s neighborhood in Sandra Cisneros’s novel The House on Mango Street. I would like to point out the lives of the main women characters and their dealing with the prejudices in everyday occasions.Futhermore, I want to talk about Esperanza and her attitude towards the surrounding situation and also mention the historical background of the problem. From my point of view, the fact that the women come from the Mexican community has essentially influenced their lives. It has actually predetermined them in a way that the women are not able to set free for the rest of their lives. During the novel the reader gets to know some of the Mexican prejudices in relation to women which all the female characters have to face.The sexist prejudice is clear from having read few lines of the novel wher e Esperanza, the narrator, explains the meaning of her name with the connection to the Chinese signs of the zodiac, â€Å"I think this is a Chinese lie because the Chinese, like the Mexicans, don’t like their women strong† (Cisneros 10). This tells the reader one important fact. The Mexicans are proprietary towards their women and wives and they tries to take over the women’s lives. It is very difficult for the women coming from the Mexican community to live their own life themselves and to be independent of their social background.This observation is confirmed by Elizabeth Coonrod Martinez in her work on the relationships of women with men in the novels based on this phenomenon, â€Å"women characters do not initiate events in their own lives; instead they endure poverty and racism from the society at large and oppression under the men in their lives. They do not get to choose their spouses, and when they do pick a boyfriend, and get pregnant, they are conside red bad girls. They do not have choice-before or after marriage† (131). The author of the book gives a notion what the status of women in the Mexican community in the novel is.They are supposed to stay at home, preferably, â€Å"behind a rolling pin† (Cisneros 31). Moreover, many of the women are locked at home or cannot leave the house without their spouses’ permission. This fact is obvious at many times in the novel. At first, when Esperanza talks about her great-grandmother, she describes her as a woman that had spent all her life on her elbows by the window. At this point, where Esperanza describes her great-grand mother, she also says something about herself, â€Å"I don’t want to inherit her place by the window† (Cisneros 11).Later, this fact is emphasized by the story of the woman called Rafaela, whose fulfilment of the life is to sit by the window. As the narrator reports, â€Å"Rafaela, who is still young but getting old from leaning out t he window so much, gets locked indoors because her husband is afraid Rafaela will run away since she is too beautiful to look at† (Cisneros 79). The women are regarded as the property of their husbands or their fathers, never independent. In my oppinion, the situation is even made worse by the fact that the protagonists are living in the United States.The women maybe would have accepted this role if they had lived in Mexico, where they would not see any difference in other women’s lives. That is impossible for them now, to fit in the community rules that are expected to be obeyed. Instead, some women pretend to be a part of the traditional society on the one hand, but on the other, they are more American than Mexican. This is the case of Sally, a young Mexican girl from the community of Chicanos, with a strict father and brought up in a very strict, religious and tradionally Mexican family. Sally who must obey her father and accept his way of life and who wants to be an American.For a clearer explanation, her behaviour is described as follows, â€Å"and why do you always have to go straight home after school? You become a different Sally. You pull your skirt straight, you rub the blue paint off your eyelids. You don’t laugh, Sally. You look at our feet and walk fast to the house you can’t come out from† (Cisneros 82). This girl struggles with two different worlds but unfortunatelly, the vicious one for her wins. She becomes a part of the sad community of women who are locked at home and their only release is in their dreams.Sally’s fate is deteriorated due to the relationship with her father, who strikes her because she is a girl and her father wants to take over her life, â€Å"until the way Sally tells it, he just went crazy, he just forgot he was her father between the buckle and the belt. You’re not my daughter, you’re not my daughter. And then he broke into his hands† (Cisneros 93). The story a bout Sally is a typical example of the struggle. At the end, Sally gets married and her life turns out to be the same sad story. The narrator comments on this, â€Å"Except he [husband] won’t let her talk on the telephone.And he doesn’t let her look out the window. And he doesn’t like her friends, so nobody gets to visit her unless he is working. She sits at home because she is afraid to go outside without his permission† (Cisneros 102). Sally, like the rest of the women characters, ends up in this kind of relationship with her husband, even if she had the opportunity to escape from her fate, because if she had been more determined in her struggle, she would have succeed. The narration about Sally is important in the novel because it shows Esperanzas’ feelings towards the sexist and racial prejudices she lives in.Esperanza, as the narrator, gives the personal outlook on the women from her surroundings. Esperanza is the exception of all the women ch aracters in the novel. She is aware of the poor situation and even of a poorer shift from it. â€Å"Esperanza is handicapped by her Hispanic background and the family’s modest financial means† (Szadziuk 115). She observes the world around her and feels lonely in her feelings, nobody shares her thoughts, her ideas. She feels like the trees down the street and as she admits, â€Å"four who do not belong here but are here. Four raggedy excuses planted by the city† (Cisneros 74).Like a struggling tree, Esperanza copes with obstacles that would suppress her, and her inner strength will help her reach towards a better life. This young girl is the only women in the novel who is deeply determined to change her life, to set free and to be on her own. She might seem naive in her way of achieving it, â€Å"Not a flat. Not an appartment in back. Not a man’s house. Not a daddy’s. A house all my own† (Cisneros 108). Nevertheless, the escape from it will n ot be as easy as thought at first. Once is Esperanza told by her friend, â€Å"when you leave you must remember to come back for the others.A circle, understand? You will always be Esperanza. You will always be Mango Street. You can’t forget who you are† (Cisneros 105). The circle is closed and fulfilled. Even if Esperanza escapes, she will not be free of her background. In comparison with other women characters in the novel, Esperanza has the support of her family, especially the support of her mother who encourages her and her siblings to be determined and to be strong in gaining their dream. The mother’s support is based on her own life and unhappines, â€Å"shame is a bad thing, you know. It keeps you down.You want to know why I quit school? Because I didn’t have nice clothes. No clothes, but I had brains† (Cisneros 91). Mother who suffered from discrimination is now resolved to protect her children from having a similar experience. Unfortunate lly, Esperanza experiences some oppression anyway and she describes it, â€Å"Those who do not any better come into our neighborhood scared. They think we’re dangerous. They think we will attack them with shiny knives. They are stupid people who are lost and got here by mistake† (Cisneros 28). Little Esperanza learns about a hardship very early in her life.She does not understand it at first but afterwards she fully realizes what means the arrogant voice of nun who asks her where she lives. Esperanza, unaware of anything, points to her house. Just later she realizes how important for her is to escape from this social oppression and racial discrimination and longs for her own house, a house she would not be ashamed of, a house she could point to when someone aks where she lives. Futhermore, the women characters and all Mexican immigrants living in the United States in general suffer from a particular feature typical of the immigrant community.Their poor situation is mad e worse by it. That is the homesickness. This is very difficult to explain because in this case it has a historical connection to 1848 when the former Mexican lands became American property and millions of Mexican citizens suddenly lived on American territory. For an illustration of this event: Chicanos and Chicanas have always been in New Mexico, Texas, California, Colorado, Illinois and other North American states. The Gonzalezes, the Dominguezes, the Garcias, the Fernandezes have lived in these states ever since they can remember.Their great, great grandmother had a house in San Antonio, or in San Diego, or in Sante Fe, long before 1836 and 1848 when these territories became American. (Poniatowska 39) From the citation of Elena Poniatowska it is obvious that the Mexicans are not initially responsible for the problems of the Mexican community in the United States nowadays. They miss their native country so they try to compensate the sorrow for living more culturally orthodox life abroad. In the novel, the problem of homesickness is portrayed mainly in the story of Mamacita, a mother of one of the inhabitants of Mango Street.Even if she is not a one of the descendants of the immigrant family but actually a Mexican citizen, Mamacita comes to Mango Street to live with her son, who sees his future in reaching the American dream. As she does not speak English, the difference between the Mexican and the American culture is much more visible. Mamacita represents the old, initial kind of immigrants, who long for going back to their native country whereas her son presents the young, Americanized population of the Mexican community. Two different worlds which can never be united.The reader learns more about it through the eyes of Esperanza, as she reports, â€Å"She sits all day by the window and plays the Spanish radio show and sings all the homesick songs about her country in a voice that sounds like a seagull† (Cisneros 77). Mamacita is unwilling to adjust a nd wants to go back to her native Mexico even if life can be harder and poorer there. Esperanza continues, â€Å"Ay, she says, she is sad. Oh he says, Not again. Cuando, cuando, cuando? She asks. Ay, caray! We are are home. This is home. Here I am and here I stay. Speak English.Speak English. Christ† (Cisneros 78). Mamacita and her son are examples of eternal fight for the unity of two different worlds which can never link up the gap between each other. In conlusion, the racial, gender based and social prejudices in the Mexican community in the novel are very essential. In every story the reader may see the stereotypes which affect the protagonists. Each of them deals with it differently but with the same result. They are not able to set themselves free from their social background and their origin pursues them all their life.Nonetheless, some of the women characters chose this way of living from their own choice, voluntarily. Specifically, the words of Elena Poniatowska poin t this out, â€Å"To say that Mexico abandoned its people would not be false, because Mexico abandons all poor Mexicans. The poor choose the American dream and the American way of life on the other side of the border, because they don’t see a future for themselves in their own country† (Poniatowska 41). Whether the immigrants have chosen to live on the margin of society in the foreign country of own accord or not, their cultural heritage follows them all the time.Works Cited Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Vintage, 1984. Martinez, Elizabeth Coonrod. â€Å"Crossing Gender Borders: Sexual Relations and Chicana Artistic Identity. † Melus 27. 1 (2002): 131-50. < http://lion. chadwyck. co. uk> Poniatowska, Elena. â€Å"Mexicanas and Chicanas. † Melus 21. 3 (1996): 35-42. Szadziuk, Maria. â€Å"Culture as Transition: Becoming a Woman in Bi-Ethnic Space. † Mosaic 32. 3 (1999): 109-30. < http://lion. chadwyck. co. uk>

Do you think the strategic Essay

Do you think the strategic use and display of emotions serve to protect employees, or does covering your true emotions at work lead to more problems than it solves? By farhanzscania As this chapter has shown, emotions are an inevitable part of people’s behavior at work. At the same time, it’s not entirely clear that we’ve reached a point where people feel comfortable expressing all emotions at work. The reason might be that business culture and etiquette remain poorly suited to handling overt emotional displays. The uestion is, can organizations become more intelligent about emotional management? Is it ever appropriate to yell, laugh, or cry at work? Some people are skeptical about the virtues of more emotional displays at the workplace. As the chapter notes, emotions are automatic physiological responses to the environment, and as such, they can be difficult to control appropriately. One 22- year-old customer service representative named Laura who was the subject of a case study noted that fear and anger were routinely used as methods to control employees, and employees eeply resented this use of emotions to manipulate them. In another case, the chairman of a major television network made a practice of screaming at employees whenever anything went wrong, leading to badly hurt feelings and a lack of loyalty to the organization. Like Laura, workers at this organization were hesitant to show their true reactions to these emotional outbursts for fear of being branded as â€Å"weak† or â€Å"ineffectual. † It might seem like these individuals worked in heavily emotional workplaces, but in fact, only a narrow range of emotions was deemed acceptable. Anger appears to be more acceptable than sadness in many organizations, and anger can have serious maladaptive consequences. Others believe organizations that recognize and work with emotions effectively are more creative, satisfying, and productive. For example, Laura noted that if she could express her hurt feelings without fear, she would be much more satisfied with her work. In other words, the problem with Laura’s organization is not that emotions are displayed, but that emotional displays are handled poorly. Others note that use of emotional knowledge, ike being able to read and understand the reactions of others, is crucial for workers ranging from salespeople and customer service agents all the way to managers and executives. One survey even found that 88% of workers feel being sensitive to the emotions of others is an asset. Management consultant Erika Anderson notes, â€Å"Crying at work is transformative and can open the door to change. † The question then is, â€Å"Can organizations take specific steps to become better at allowing emotional displays without opening a Pandora’s box of outbursts? â€Å"